Al Jazariyah Revision Notes: Makharijul Huroof and Sifaatul Huroof

Al hamdullillah Was Salaatu Was Salaamu ‘Alaa Rasoolillah

‘Amma Ba’d:

The following are some brief notes on the lesson explaining the text of Al Jazariyah in the science of Tajweed. I hope they serve as a beneficial reminder concerning the Makharijul Huroof (Origins of the articulation of the letters) and the sifaatul Huroof (characteristics of the letters) for those who are following the lesson.

Revision notes on the explanation of Al Jazariyah

The places of the origins of the articulation of the letters (مخارج الحروف)

1.The Jouf (الجوف): (The hollow cavity from the voicebox in the throat to the opening of the mouth)

The letters of elongation Alif, Waw and Yaa أ – و – ي))

2. The Throat (الحلق): Three sections

• The lowest part of the throat (area of the larynx)

Two Letters: Hamzah and Hā (هَا – (ء

• The middle of the throat

Two letters: ‘Ayn and the Ḥā (ع – ح)

• The closest part of the throat to the opening of the mouth

Two Letters: Ghayn and Khā (غ – خ)

3. The Tongue (اللسان): Three sections

• The back of the tongue (أقصى اللسان)

Two letters: Qāf and then Kāf (ق – ك)

• The middle of the tongue (وسْطُ الإنسان)

Three letters: Jīm, the Shīn and the Yā` ((ج – ش – ي

• The side of the tongue (حافة اللسان) (Left side, right side or both sides) articulated by bringing the left, right or both sides of the tongue up to meet the upper molars and premolars

One letter: the Ḍād (ض)

• The tip of the tongue (طرف اللسان): (Beginning from tip of the curvature of one side to the other)

Three letters: Lām, Nūn and Rā (ل – ن – ر)

Nūn: articulated by bringing the tip of the tongue up to meet the gum at the root of the front incisors (Nun being the closest of them to the root of the upper incisors)

Lām: Behind nūn slightly

Rā: Originating from a similar place as the nūn, except the top of the tip of the tongue is included. A small opening is left at the tip of the tongue to allow for the sound of the letter to exit the mouth (avoiding excessive vibration of the tongue while doing so)

• The tip of the tongue meeting the gum of the upper central incisors

Three letters: The Ṭā, Dāl and Tā (ط – د – ت)

• The tip of the tongue and the tip of the upper central incisors

Three letters: The Dhā the Dhāl and the Thā (ث – ذ – ظ)

• The tip of the tongue resting slightly above the lower central incisors

Three letters: The Ṣād, Sīn and Zāy (ص – س – ز)

4. The Lips (الشَّـفَتَيْنِ)

Four letters: Fā the Wāw, the Bā and the Mīm ف – و – ب – م) )

5. The Nasal Cavity (الخيشوم): The nasal cavity which is the origin of the nasal sound (Ghunnah: الغُنَة) which is a part of the articulation of Nūn and Mīm (ن – م)

The Characteristics of the Letters (صفات الحروف)

Two Types:

1. Sifāt Lāzimah (صفات لازمة) (Permanent Characteristics) these are intrinsic to the letters and do not leave them
2. Sifāt ‘Āridah (صفات عارضة) (Temporary Characteristics) these are found in the letters in certain circumstances (the bulk of the remainder of Al Jazariyah discusses these characteristics)

Sifāt Lāzimah (Permanent Characteristics) are of two types:

1. Characteristics that have opposites
2. Characteristics that do not have opposites

Summary: